Strawberries: Poetry and Essay Christopher Callaghan

Strawberries †Critical Essay Christopher Callaghan twelfth September 2012 â€Å"Strawberries† by Edwin Morgan is a caring sonnet, which investigates the marvels of human feelings, for example, love, desire and dread. The poet’s reason recorded as a hard copy this piece was to teach the peruser and to inspire feelings with graceful procedures. Morgan utilizes some amazingly successful representations in this sonnet to portray his relationship with his accomplice: â€Å"We dunked them in sugar, taking a gander at one another. † The sugar connotes that there is something counterfeit about the relationship, that it needs improved. Taking a gander at each other† means how certain and quiet they are around one another. This tells the peruser this is a genuine relationship which has developed through time. The writer likewise utilizes sentence structure to show how recollections blur through time, the further the peruser experiences the sonnet, the shorter ev ery refrain gets. This shows the writer needed to record the memory before he overlooked it. The author additionally utilizes extremely sharp word decision to upgrade the reader’s comprehension of the circumstance: â€Å"With the two forks crossed. † This indications to the peruser that the sonnet is in reality around two men.Morgan couldn’t clearly call attention to this as at the time it was composed, homosexuality was unlawful. This tells the peruser troublesome it probably been for somebody not being permitted to communicate their adoration without the dread of oppression. I feel that it isn't right to constrain somebody to shroud their adoration, regardless of what structure. All in all, â€Å"Strawberries† is a cherishing, interesting sonnet which shows that there is nothing evil about adoration. Morgan utilizes viable verse strategies, for example, sentence structure and similitudes to show that any type of affection is still love.

Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc. Essay Essay Example

Pepsi Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc. Exposition Paper Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc. Exposition Paper 1. Partners 1. 1. The five-year miss and the harmed: †as in view of this episode a five twelvemonth miss lost her life and nil is progressively valued that life. 1. 2. Clients: †in light of the fact that individuals were resting their hereafters in the authorities of this figure febrility exposure run. 1. 3. Victoria Angelo. her family and families like hers: †these individuals who didn’t have sufficient cash to eat were buying Pepsi in the expectation of adjusting as long as they can remember. The rich organization Pepsi was doing cash by doing these individuals accept that they may win a clump of cash. On the other hand of using their rare assets for something progressively existent. these individuals spent it on Pepsi building up fantasies about getting rich and taking a decent life. 1. 4. Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc. : as the run was propelled by Pepsi-cola. it is answerable for the outcomes like perishes. cases. harmed and so forth. 1. 5. Pepsi-Cola International: †as Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines Inc. is a segment of the transnational house with regions everywhere throughout the universe. this occurrence may adversely outcome the gross incomes in different states. 1. 6. PepsiCo Inc. : as it possesses 19 % of the organization. 1. 7. Insurance agencies: †The insurance agencies are influenced by this episode as a clump of the Pepsi-cola automobiles. trucks and wagons were pulverized by the irate open and these organizations may hold to pay for it. 1. 8. Opponents especially Coca-Cola: as a result of this occurrence coca-cola may have the option to snap away a monstrous bundle of the market from Pepsi. 1. 9. Government: †It needs to do sure that organizations follow the Torahs and they need to ensure the guiltless customers. The specialists needs to do certain illicit and exploitative exercises do non go on. It needs to do sure that the Torahs are actualized with no rejections. 1. 10. Legal framework in Philippines: †as it is liable for doing sure that no crimes of Torahs and statutes go on and individuals who do it are managed in the best possible mode. 1. 11. Organization Employees: †they may lose their occupations as a result of the open violences and losingss that Pepsi needed to confront. 1. 12. People groups who ran the registering machine or made the processing machine plan: as they have a significant capacity to play in the misprinting of the Numberss. 1. 13. Banks and monetary foundations: †in spite of the fact that non truly obvious from the occurrence Pepsi-cola may sanctuary taken advances structure different Bankss. 1. 14. Offer and Stockholders: †in spite of the fact that non truly obvious from the occurrence. the estimation of the bits and supply of Pepsi-cola Company may hold fallen. 2. Moral Issues 2. 1. Trust: †A clime of trust gives improved conveying. more noteworthy consistency. dependableness and confirmation among the customer’s. workers and the organization. The individuals confided in Pepsi to pay them the cash on the off chance that they would win. In any case, Pepsi feasting do that consequently intruding on customer trust. something one time broken is extremely difficult to recoup. 2. 2. Vanity: †the organization was only accepting about its ain associations when it propelled the run. It didn’t see the hapless individuals who may be attracted by this figure febrility and pass the little cash they had on Pepsi-cola on the other hand of rescuing it and using for supplement. clinical fortes. guidance and so forth thus hurting the guiltless customers. 2. 3. Distortion: †With the triumphant Numberss pre-chosen by processing machine and simply ten 1-million-peso grants accessible. the chance of anybody going a peso mogul was one of every 28. 8 million. Yet, Pepsi consumers didn’t realize that. The couple of victors got immersion media inclusion. what's more, full family units spent extreme clasp and endeavor roll uping bottle tops. 2. 4. Robbery: †these individuals who didn’t have sufficient cash to eat were buying Pepsi in the expectation of modifying as long as they can remember. The rich organization Pepsi was doing cash by doing these individuals accept that they may win a group of cash. On the other hand of using their rare assets for something progressively existent. these individuals spent it on Pepsi building up fantasies about getting rich and taking a decent life. At the point when Pepsi wouldn't pay the legitimate victors their legitimate cash. the organization burglarized these individuals they had always wanted. trusts and financial assets. 3. The characterizing of Public felicity a. There was conceivably a little coaction of private open help and open great. The organization was surrendering out prises esteeming to 1 million to individuals. Despite the fact that the organization expected to infer more market divide through this activity. it other than helped individuals procure more cash and carry on with a superior life. On the different manus it was other than private open help as only a sprinkling people really benefitted from this activity. Only these couple of had the option to take a superior life and the mass was forgotten about B. Indeed I think it is a suitable decent as one can non ever do material for the open great. It is non ever conceivable to make useful for all on a major graduated table. You need a bunch of assets. capacity to ship out activities on such a major graduated table. Then again it is smarter to help gatherings. families and single. This is relatively simple to make and thus a group of individuals will benefit from such activities. c. What should hold been something else I. Truth: †the organization should hold came clean in the advertizements. that the chance to dominate the match is nearly nothing. This would help especially the hapless individuals in doing the more sensible and reverse their cash in things what they really need. two. Trust: †the organization should hold attempted to recoup trust of the individuals by elucidating to them that the mistake was non on goal and that they neer planned to throb people’s emotions. three. Outcomes: †The Company should hold other than attempted to elucidate to the individuals that if Pepsi would pay the $ 18 billion to the individuals. so the organization would travel broke and would hold to close. This would follow in 1000s of individuals fring their occupations. four. Government: †it ought to do sure that individuals see such runs and don’t get allured by such void guarantees through better authority over what the organizations accurately promote and what they do. d. Truly Pepsi was legitimized in non paying the full 1 million pesos: Doing that would expect that Pepsi would hold to pay an entirety of more than $ 18 billion. a sum that would emphatically take to the organization obtaining bankrupt. As a result of this 1000s of individuals would lose their occupations non simply in Philippines however adjacent to in different pieces of the universe where Pepsi works as the Whole Pepsi organization would be influenced by this monstrous misfortune. The part and investor may lose a group of cash as an outcome of this misfortune at Pepsi. Accordingly it is a truly entangled and harming connection response that would be set of without hesitation if Pepsi paid the cash. Pepsi made a mistake in distributing the Numberss. something it did non intend to make. It stayed faithful to its obligation of giving out the 1 million to individuals who had the Numberss yet now you can’t foresee the organization to pay $ 18 billion due to a fair blunder. Ever ybody makes blunders. e. Europe: †The reaction would hold been distinctive as the individuals in Europe are non that hapless and populate a decent life. They are non that edgy. They are other than acceptable taught and see such runs. South America and Africa: †the reaction may hold been like that in Philippines as the individuals are hapless and are hopeless to hold cash. The greater part of the individuals are non acceptable taught and consequently don’t genuinely see such runs. Asia: †the reaction here may be non that forceful as in Philippine as the individuals are acceptable taught and albeit other than being hapless they live in very creating states for representation India. China and so on that are perpetually alluring monstrous investings from around the universe. Worldwide organizations are building enormous plants here and are re-appropriating their maps in these states. As such the individuals are non that frantic. f. The houses offer was OK. it could hold offered some more cash. yet, whatever it may hold offered it would hold neer been bounty for the individuals. The organization needed to accept pretty much the entirety of its investors and paying the full aggregate would hold harmed bunch of them for delineation Insurance organizations. Organization Employees. Banks and financial foundations. Offer and Stockholders and so on. It was in the best inclusion of everybody for the organization to pay 500 pesos and non the full 1 million. 4. What might I make? Most likely the moral principles damaged need to make with believe that they would keep up their promise. ( wage for victors ) regardless of whether it weren’t beneficial. I don’t accept the advertisements said anything regarding states of installment are just on the off chance that they ‘choose the right. low possibility figure to ensure low payoff’ . It appears to be other than that they need their customers. curiously since Coke customers will non be influenced by Pepsi-Philippines assurance non to pay off. I would do sure that the advertizements would advert the perils and conceivable outcomes of winning. The individuals would be insightful of the way that it is extremely difficult to win. This would help an individual non to place every one of his expectations and assets in something that is itself a fantasy. I would other than look to elucidate to the individuals that if Pepsi would pay the $ 18 billion to the individuals. so the organization would tr avel broke and would hold to close. This would result in 1000s of individuals fring their occupations. I would look to keep the positive attitude of the customers. The extending $ misfortune from misfortune in notoriety might be more terrible than pay

QuestBridge, CPW, and YOU!

QuestBridge, CPW, and YOU! Hello! In just a couple of days, MIT will be hosting the Campus Preview Weekend (CPW)! Over a thousand students will be on campus and there will be hundreds of activities going on throughout your stay. There is one activity, however, that we hope you will join us for: MIT QuestBridge Reception to be held on April 12, 2013 from 6:30pm-8:00pm in W20-301. Current MIT students will be joining us for the event and they are excited to be meeting you! In fact, they are so excited to meet you that we would like to introduce you to a couple of them here. Enjoy! Quynh Nguyen 15     Hello readers of the MIT blogosphere and all admitted MIT Quest Scholars, My name is Quynh Nguyen and I’ve always wanted to be an admissions blogger. Unfortunately, I forgot about the application deadline my freshman year (let this be a lesson to all of you â€" use your Google calendars!) and thus missed out on the opportunity. However, Bea has given me a chance to guest blog and I’m thrilled to share my story with you. I was born in Vietnam where I lived until 8 then my family moved to sunny southern California which I’ve called home the past 12 years. Growing up in California, I always thought I’d end up going to a UC; in fact, up until my sophomore year in high school, I didn’t even know what MIT was. Luckily, however, I found my way to this lovely campus through a little program called QuestBridge and have happily settled here. On campus I’m involved with undergraduate research, my sorority Kappa Alpha Theta, and MIT Quest Scholars Network. The Quest Scholars Network is a group of all MIT Quest Scholars â€" anyone accepted into MIT via QuestBridge whether as a Match or regular admissions. In total we have nearly 200 Quest Scholars on campus and about 30 active members. MIT QSN is a relatively new group on campus; some of the activies we’ve held include study breaks with lots of yummy food (wings, pizza, ice cream, fresh fruits, etc.) and recently even had a meet-up in Boston with Dartmouth and Yale Quest Scholars. When I came for my CPW, the one question I asked again and again was, “What makes MIT so special? Why here instead of all the other schools?” And the answer I got back again and again was “The people.” Of course at that time, I had no idea what this meant and I wanted a much more concrete answer than that. But in the past year and a half, I’ve come to realize that it’s truly the people that have defined my MIT experience. Ask me about a class and the first thought in my head will be the study group I had to get me through every pset. Ask me about my UROP and I’ll tell you all about the wonderful grad students and postdocs who teach me new things every day. And ask me about QuestBridge at MIT and I’ll tell you to talk to the Scholars who are my constant motivation and inspiration. For all admitted QuestBridge students, I hope you’ll come by our CPW event on April 12 at 6:30 PM in private dining rooms 1 and 2 located in the student center. Hopefully you’ll meet some great people and be convinced that MIT is the right place for you!    Bruno Faveiro 15 Hello pre-frosh and Questies! Don’t worry, these are affectionate nicknames ? Anyways, My name’s Bruno Faviero, and I love being at MIT! For one, I get awesome opportunities being able to write to you all. But occasionally there are too many opportunities! I sit here typing this blog after having shown James Blessing at admissions a site I just made for admissions, when I should be working on my startup and tooling on the entrepreneurship non-profit I run. But I love everything that I do, much of which I could almost only do at MIT. A little bit about me first. I was born in Brazil. I lived there until I was 7, and then moved to sunny Boca Raton, Florida until college. Much like Quynh, I thought I would be going to my state school (University of Florida) for my whole childhood â€" I really didn’t know about any other colleges, even up until my Junior spring. It wasn’t until senior fall that I found out about MIT, and applied early and got in! I also got into every other Ivy (I didn’t apply to Yale), and Stanford. So I had a difficult choice to make, which I’ll talk about a little bit later. On campus, I got myself involved with too many things. I’m involved with the Undergraduate Association as the 2015 Social Chair, The Tech (student newspaper) as a News Editor, I’m the Director of the entrepreneurship non-profit and MIT student group StartLabs, I’m currently working on a startup project, I’m a Student Ambassador (fancy word for students that interact with parents, alumni, and admits), I TA a public speaking class, I dance in the Dance Troupe, I’m on the advisory board of the Associate Dean for Undergraduate Education, I help organize the Discover Entrepreneurship and Leadership FPOP, and I’m a MedLink! Also a former varsity sailor, but a concussion, hurt shoulder, torn meniscus, and gallbladder surgery have kept me off the river for about a year. But I’m passionate about all my activities, and if you’re interested in any of those, drop me an email! So, what made me pick MIT over all the Ivies? Well, for one, CPW. Go to CPW if you get the chance, it will be one of the most amazing weekends ever. And why did CPW help me choose? Genuinely, and what you’ll hear most MIT students say, it was the people. Almost everyone at MIT is super friendly and helpful. I can remember many nights spent working on problem sets for 8 hours with a group of classmates, and sometimes even upperclassmen willing to help. For all admitted QuestBridge students, I hope you’ll come by our CPW event on April 12 at 6:30 PM in private dining rooms 1 and 2 located in the student center! If you have any questions about CPW/MIT/These awesome students, sound off in the comments section below!

The Effects Of Television On The World - 1845 Words

Mandy Sanguigni Ms. Morrow Essay #3 4 May 2015 Seeing the World How quickly can something capture the eye? What could take a person on an emotional roller coaster, of happiness, sadness, hunger, fatigue, or being scared? The remarkable world of television can take a person anywhere. Television is a central form of communication which connects people with the outside world. The television has been around for decades and is found in practically every household. People watch the news, movies, game shows, or reality shows; there is a show for everyone, and, like it or not, there are plenty of advertisements. The creation of the television has been the beginning, with no sign of an end, connecting people to the past, present, and future,†¦show more content†¦Then between 1891 and 1895 Dickson shoots numerous 15 second motion pictures using Edison’s kineograph, his motion picture camera. Later in 1895, the first public demonstration of a motion picture occurred in France (History of Television). During 1900, the wo rd â€Å"television† was first used by Russian inventor Constantin Perskyi. He introduced this word at the World’s Fair in Paris during the first International Congress of Electricity (Bellis 1). Starting in 1923, Russian emigrant, Vladimir Zworkin patented his isconscope, a TV camera cathode ray tube, which became the major component in television development (Bellis 2). American inventor Charles Francis Jenkins transmitted pictures of Herbert Hoover from Washington DC to Philadelphia. Jenkins called this invention â€Å"radiovision† (Elon.edu 1). By 1924, Vladimir Zworkin patented a color television system (Bellis 2). Each method developed upon previous developments, each looking for a way to reach people in a more efficient way. The history of the television has many roots and inventors who were determined to reach out and embrace the world starting with technology of motion pictures working to grow forward into the world of television and beyond. Interes tingly, the birth of the television set brought countries and people together through the growing pains of the past, present, and, now

Picassos Old Guitarist Essay - 1725 Words

Pablo Picasso’s Old Guitarist I visited the Art Institute of Chicago and many paintings and pieces of art caught my eye, but I almost lost my breath when I laid my eyes upon Picasso’s The Old Guitarist. I was a good thing that a bench is in front of the painting because I needed to sit down and admire the power that it exuded. The painting is one-dimensional, is flat, and doesn’t have a distinct background to it. It is done in a monochromatic color scheme and depicts a very thin, frail, blind man holding a guitar, which is brown and departs from the blue monochromatic color scheme, who is sitting cross legged and the upper half of his body is bent over. This man holds the guitar very close to him as if he didn’t have anything else in the†¦show more content†¦The largest of his Blue Period paintings, La Vie, depicts a confrontation between a young couple and an older woman holding a baby. The man in the painting is Casagemas’s, but it was la ter revealed that Casagemas’s image was painter over Picasso’s. The Old Guitarist represents the segment of the Blue Period that began to depict wretched destitute males in late 1903. These men were almost always shown as being blind or psychotic. The physiques of these men where slender, angular, and elongated, which style was similar to El Greco, who was considered somewhat of a hero in Picasso’s artistic circle in Barcelona. The Old Guitarist is unique in the Blue Period because the blind man is â€Å"spiritually transported by his creative effort, rather than mired in hopeless passivity.†. The man seems to use his musical creativity as protection. He seems to be in another world created by his own music/song which may symbolize the joy that Picasso receives from his own work. The power of the old man and his feeling of having everything required are emphasized by Picasso. Picasso has squeezed him into a frame that does not seem large enough to contai n him. One could imagine that the old man would surpass the boundaries of the canvas if he were to raise his head or stretch out his legs. The Old Guitarist gives a sense of constricted power so not only is the old man limited by his blindness butShow MoreRelatedThe Old Guitarist And Madame X1365 Words   |  6 Pagessubjective to the viewer to decide if what they see is classified as art. I often think of the phrase, â€Å"Beauty is in the eye of the beholder† during class because art is not always beautiful, or even pleasant, but it is a personal perspective. The Old Guitarist and Madame X are two creations that I believe are art, an opinion most people would agree with solely based off the success and fame of the creators, Pablo Picasso and John Singer Sargent, respectively. Being an artist is not always the glamorousRead MorePage 1: Home. Pablo Picasso. The Impact Of Pablo Picasso1733 Words   |  7 Pageshis life. At sixteen, Picasso went to Spain’s best art school in Madrid, away from his family, and soon dropped out to pursue personal practice. Here he saw the works of El Greco, who’s distinct style of figures would be seen in Picasso’s work later on. Adult Life Picasso’s professional career is said to have begun in 1894, when he started to stray from amateur styles. In 1900, he moved to Paris as a poor man. He stayed in a tiny apartment without heat and often burned his own works to stay warm.Read MoreBiography Of Pablo Picasso ( 1881-1973 )1056 Words   |  5 Pagesunique, exuberating natural art presentation about himself. He surpassed his father’s talent in art at the age of fourteen. He became a protà ©gà © of another artist in Paris, while skipping school, unfortunately his father found out and discontinued Picasso’s allowance. Picasso was left to support himself financially. He sustained himself very well until a terrible event happened in his life, the suicide of his friend Carles Casagemas. His friend shot himself in the head. A deep depression came uponRead MorePablo Picasso s Influence On Art1340 Words   |  6 Pagesparents, Josà © Ruiz Blasco and Maria Picasso, were both from Spain. His father from northern Spain and his mother from Picasso’s birthplace. It was not unusual for people to take both parents family names. At the time of Picasso’s birth, his was was an art teacher in Mà ¡laga, which obviously greatly influenced Picasso. It was when the family moved to Barcelona when Picasso was 15 years old and his father took a job as a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts that really blossomed his interest in paintingRead MoreThe Hardships through the Life of Pablo Picasso700 Words   |  3 Pagesone of his close friends moved to Paris looking better art opportunities. Picasso’s friend later that year committed suicide. These experiences led him to paint the blue period where many dark and depressing painting were created by him. The paintings during the blue period were exact reflections of the poverty, pain, and loss in Picasso’s life. One of the most famous paintings to come from his blue period is, The Old Guitarist. Picasso created this paintin g in Madrid in 1903. The guitar is the onlyRead More Pablo Picasso - His Life and His Art Essay1222 Words   |  5 Pagesfollowed Picassos example. Picasso contributed to artistic creativity by exploring and creating new art forms during his career such as Cubism-which was not limited to painting. This new style of cubism eventually led to the modern abstract art that is visible to us in the artwork of the modern day world. Pablo Picasso showed his interest in art as a young boy. He showed great talent at a very young age and liked to paint pictures of the city life around him. This talent of Picassos did not goRead MoreAnalysis : Guernic Testimony Of War1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe first piece of artwork I would like to talk about from Picasso is one that many people may be familiar with and has the name â€Å"Guernica†. This work was created in Picasso’s Paris studio in 1937 (Guernica: Testimony of War†). This piece in an oil on canvas painting, and currently is on display at Spain’s national museum, Reina Sofà ­a, a museum of modern art. The entire painting is twenty-five foot, five and three-quarter inches long and eleven foot, five and a half inches tall. This painting depictsRead More pablo picasso Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesPicasso was born in Malaga, Spain on October 25, 1881 to a professor of art named Jose Ruiz Blanco and his wife Maria Picasso Lopez. Because of his fathers’ occupation, Picasso’s talent was quickly noticed and appreciated. 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Background Pablo Picasso, born Pablo Ruiz, was destined to become an artist at a very young age. Born in Malaga, Spain on October 15, 1881, the young artist began to follow in the footsteps of Jose Ruiz BlascoÂâ€"his father. Many say that Picassos love for art was somewhat genetic, since his father was also an aspiring painter. At the young age of four, Picasso had already learned to draw detailed pictures, and by the age of 15 had already become technically skilled in drawing and painting

Customer Identification And Their Needs - 1434 Words

As relationship professionals of our industry we have a responsibility to ensure that we take the necessary steps in taking care of each client and their needs. Since we have established our client groups needs we now have a chance to interact with them and provide them a level of service and solutions that meets their established needs. Our clients depend on us to ensure that they can trust us in our decision making and if we show them consistent effort and positive intention then we can achieve their long-term business. In this exam, we will provide overview of the strategy in a question and answer format. (The Root) Our department accepts the challenge of developing a plan to grow new relationships and to steward existing relationships. Leadership has started a new plan to be a premier relationship based company focused on the sustained long term relationships that will continue to benefit not only the customer but our goods business as well. Customer identification and differenti ation has been completed for us thanks to the operations team getting that data to us in the last briefing. Our task team at hand is to discern and label the interactions and customizations that are needed to follow through on our new model of IDIC. Our dialogue with the customer is going to help us determine who is talking about the brand, what they are saying and where is it being talked about dialogue with the customer is going to help us determine who is talking about the brand, what they areShow MoreRelatedThe 2201 Principles Of Marketing Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesThis discourse is about the steps companies need to take to engage in the one to one marketing of the Five â€Å"I†s. the five â€Å"I† s is composed of: 1. Identification 2. Interaction 3. Individualization’ 4. Integration and 5. Integrity Details About the Five â€Å"I†s of One- to- One Marketing Identification As a firm you cannot win customer loyalty unless you know your customers. Once you know your customers then you can deliver value to them. Identification is one major step that can enhance the company’sRead MoreIdentification And Identification854 Words   |  4 PagesIdentification has two elements – most people know and focus on the first; most companies are notoriously poor at the second. The first Identification element is, not surprisingly, to understand the characteristics of potential and current customers, as well as their influencers. This means delving into what needs they have, what motivates those needs, how they want those needs solved, and who else influences those needs and potential solutions. 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Implications of Linking the HR Strategies-Free-Samples for Student

Question: Critically evaluate the implications of linking of Human Resources strategies and policies with strategic objectives of the firm. The report should argue role of HR strategies in developing performance oriented organization culture that fosters innovation and competitive advantage. Answer: Introduction Strategic human resource management is made up of two terms, namely, strategy and human resource management. It is a multidimensional policy, which is the utilization of the human resources in the best manner. SHRM is the process of strategically utilizing the human resources of the organization, so that the overall productivity of the organization can be enhanced. It aligns the human resource of the organization with the strategic objectives of the organization. As a result, most of the organizations have focused on linking the objectives and goals with the strategic goals of the organization. The present report discusses the implications of connecting human resource strategies with policies and the strategic goals (Varbanova, 2013). HR strategies of the organization are responsible for developing performance-oriented organization culture, which can enhance the innovation capabilities of the organization and develop the competitive advantage of the organization. Strategic Human Resource Management In the present times, competition among the business organizations is intense; therefore, it is important that these organizations pay attention to achieve the long-standing objectives of the organization. It can be stated that the primary goal of the human resources of the company is to make the employees productive so that the organization can easily achieve its goals. Strategic human resource management emphasizes on both individual goals and organizational objectives. The strategic human resource of an organization emphasizes on HR areas, in which HR strategies are designed considering the long-term goals of the organization. The SHRM (Strategic Human Resource Management) emphasizes that there exists a relation between HR policies, practices, and the overall goals of the organization. It also states that HR intervention can easily sort out disputes and conflicts in the organization (Mello, 2014). There are two fundamental principles of SHRM, which are promoting HR activities in the organization, which can enhance employee performance and linking the HR activities with the financial goals of the organization. Connecting Human Resource Strategies with the Strategic Objectives of the Organization In present competition, traditional support services such as HR management, administration, IT and legal services are under increased pressure to directly impact the business results. Both public and private organizations are under the pressure of the customers, management, and investors to optimally utilize the business resources. HR managers can support the business objectives of the organization by linking HR with the goals and objectives of the organization. The business strategy is an articulated plan, which assists the organization in making optimal use of human resources and investment. It is an understanding that HR function can be used as a strategic partner to develop and implement the strategies, which can improve business performance and nurture innovation, flexibility and competitive advantage of the organization. The strategic orientation of the organization is important irrespective of the size of the organization. Strategic orientation refers to the action plan of the organization to align HRM with the business objectives. The business organizations can create a competitive advantage through skilled, committed and motivated workforce. Human resource planning refers to the process of analyzing future human resource needs of the organization so that the organization can achieve its objectives in an efficient manner. The human resource planning is essential for an organization so that lead time between the recognition of a new job post and filling that requirement is reduced. Therefore, HR manager should have knowledge of the job market and the availability of talented candidates. Over the years, the process of HR planning is changed and it has moved from the traditional hiring and recruiting to forecasting and succession planning (Barrick, Thurgood, Smith Courtright, 2015). Human resource planning can reduce the employee turnover by attracting them with the career opportunities present in the market. The core function of the recruitment and selection department is selecting best-fit candidate from the pool of the talented candidates. In the previous times, recruitment was considered as a traditional function, in which the focus was on finding a right person, who is fit for the role. However, not with strategic HRM, the companies are focusing on the person-organization fit, which means they are evaluating whether the applicants can be integrated with the culture of the organization. High performing organizations emphasize on the use of training and development to increase the competitive advantage of the organization. Training and development is an essential part of the business organization, which can grow value and potential of the people. With training and development, business organizations can transfer the existing knowledge, skills and abilities which are essential in completing specific task or activities. Training and development promotes the goals and objectives of the or ganization (Kramar, 2014). The strategic training and development of the organization are more targeted, measurable and effective. The traditional performance management system fails to deliver the business objectives as the business objectives of the organization are not always understood, which creates mismatch between the corporate strategy and its impact on the performance management of the team. Moreover, if the goals and the strategies of the business and the employee motivation and the culture are not ideal, it may impact negatively on the results of the organization. The strategic performance management approach can be used to manage the performance of the employees, to motivate the employees to achieve their targets, and assist the managers and the employees to work towards achieving these targets. Strategic HR management is an effective method in managing performance; developing selection and recruitment capabilities to establish a performance evaluation plan, which can be used for achieving strategic goals. The compensation system of the organization can be linked with the performance of the firm. It is beneficial in retaining the employees with the required competencies (Jackson, Schuler Jiang, 2014). The strategic performance management of the organization is focused on delivering effective results according to the business strategy. The compensation and reward structure are crucial factors in recruitment and the retention of the best talent in the industry. As a result, a large number of organizations are finding it challenging to retain the top talent of the industry. The company can design an efficient compensation structure by identifying the employee objectives and the motivation of the employees, while determining the compensation structure (Kramar, 2014). The older employees of the organization are concerned about retirement and healthcare benefits. However, the new employees might want paid time-offs and different opportunities for growth. Therefore, it is important that the compensation and the reward programs are strategically designed. The performance rewards are both financial and non-financial and; therefore, they should reinforce the performance outcomes and evaluate the contribution of the employees for the organization. Several tactics such as bonus, incentive pay, variable compensation, and performance linked pay are best methods to enhance the performance of the employees. It increases the competency and the competitive advantage of the organization (Swart, Hansen Kinnie, 2015). Role of Performance Oriented Organization Culture in Fostering Innovation and Competitive Advantage According to Naranjo Valencia, Sanz Valle Jimnez Jimnez, (2010) the organization innovation has significant benefits on economic development and enhancing the competition in the business organization. In the present era of complex and dynamic conditions, the need for business organizations to innovate continually has become extremely necessary. The Scheins model of organization culture states that the culture of the organization develops from the values of the organization, which are communicated through norms, policies, and the changes in behavioral patterns. With the emphasis on certain values and development of norms, companies can create a compelling employee behavior. Figure: Model of Organization Culture (Source: Hogan and Coote, 2014) The innovation theory is developed for the manufacturing industry and innovation is developed as a discrete paradigm. The innovation can be different such as incremental or radical process. In the manufacturing industry, the output of innovation capabilities is tangible. It results in the manufacturing of products, which are produced through technological innovation and they are stored so that they can be used later. The development of new machinery is dependent on innovation capabilities of the organization. The success of the human resource planning is based on establishing relations between the HR office and the direct managers of the organization. It empowers the organization in meeting the goals, objectives and consistencies. The succession planning is the process in which the organization recruits talented employees within the organization; and then, develops their skills, knowledge and professional capabilities. The innovation behavior of the organization emphasizes client-focused, technology-focused and marketing-focused innovation capabilities. However, it is not an effective conceptualization for the service industry because services are perishable and does not hold value at a later point of time. In the service industry, close interaction between the producers, service, users and the service delivery process increases the challenge between the product and process innovation. The knowledge and the innovation are intangible in nature, and the innovation is not necessarily based on the physical and the technological aspects. The strategic training and development is the process of developing and designing the training programs so that the employees can achieve superior performance. It can be used to uplift the innovation capabilities of the organization. In the views of Naranjo-Valencia, Jimenez-Jimenez and Sanz-Valle (2011), in present, business organizations are facing different challenges due to the changes in the business environment. These complex changes demand changes in product architecture, firm competencies and technological developments. Therefore, the innovation capabilities of the organization are successful for its presence and innovation. The organization culture of a business enterprise can be categorized as innovation orientation and imitation orientation of the organization. The innovation orientation refers to the organization culture in which the organization pursues innovation and new product or services before the companys competitors introduce them. In contrast to it, the companies with imitation orientation try to escape from the research and development cost pertaining to the development of novel technologies and scientific investigation. Therefore, they try to easily adopt the ideas and technology of the organizations competitors. Most of the public know the innovation orientation as the new market entrants. They are also called as new market entrants or the market pioneers. In contrast to it, the companies with the imitative orientation are known as late market entrants or business followers (Shavinin a, 2003). Innovation capabilities require choosing the right candidate for the organization. In the strategic recruitment and selection, the companies translate the strategic objectives of the organization into HR demand and needs so that appropriate selection and recruitment can be conducted. The strategic recruitment and selection aligns the objectives of the candidates with the objectives of the business enterprises (Jackson, Schuler Jiang, 2014). However, the strategic recruitment emphasizes on filling the key job positions of the organization. It can be stated that the innovation capabilities of the organization are the basic of the market entry strategy. Along with it, other factors such as product advantage, promotional efforts and the relative price of the product are important in establishing a competitive advantage of the firms. Another important factor in the development of the competitive advantage is the timing of the market entry. The timing of the market entry cannot be determined statistically. It is qualitative decision making and mainly depends on the strategic decision of the organization (Subramanian, Rahe, Nagadevara, Jayachandran, 2016). The strategic decisions require strategic planning. The strategic plan of the organizations is designed for three, five or ten years. However, compensation strategies and performance incentives are based on the annual compensation and bonus; however, linking them with the compensation can boost the performance of the organization. The strategic compensation of the organiz ation can motivate the employees to align their behavior and job performance with the goals of the organization. The organization culture has a positive connection with the innovation capabilities of the organization. It means that in order to innovate and align with technological progress in an effective manner, there should be some specific internal and external characteristics in the organization culture of the business enterprise. The organization culture is the facet of the operational competency, which shows the inclination of the firm towards innovation. The organization culture is nothing, but the values, beliefs and the hidden assumptions of the different stakeholders of the organization, which reflects on the orientation of the organization. It fosters the development of the innovation capabilities of the organization. The primary reason for it is that it stimulates innovative behavior among the members of the organization. The different members of the organization accept that innovation is the core of the organization operations, and it can be used to enhance the innovation commitment to the organization. Further, the organization culture and management behavior are strongly linked and can foster change in the organization (Carayannis, Varblane Roolaht, 2011). The organization culture has two types of effect on the innovation process of the organization. It increases the innovation capabilities through socialization and coordination. With socialization, the employees can understand that innovation and creativity are part of the business operations. The different stakeholders of business organization can coordinate and support innovation through different activities, policies and procedures. It can generate value, which will fund innovation and creativity. The integration of these values will eventually improve the innovation capacity of the organization. The Competing Values Framework (CVF) is an organization culture model proposed by Cameron and Quinn, which is extensively used to define the organization culture of the business enterprises. These authors define that there are two cultures in the organization, which are adhocracy, set, market and hierarchy, which can be characterized by two characteristics. There are two dimensions, namely, flexibility and control. Other than that, the external focus and internal focus and the incorporation of these values in the organization culture is important. There are certain characteristics, such as organization leadership, employee management, emphasis of strategy is the major characteristics of the organization culture. According to this model, in adhocracy culture, the organization culture is dominated by change and flexibility. It is externally oriented culture. This type of culture is common in companies, which operates in the dynamic market. These companies are leader in their respective industry or try to become one. Such types of organization culture enforce creativity, entrepreneurship and risk taking ability of the organization. The clan culture is a similar kind of culture, which focuses on teamwork, employee involvement and commitment of the employees towards the organization (Holt, 2013). The market culture is another type of culture, which is concentrated on the external environment; also stresses on control within the organization. The culture has the main characteristics of productivity and high competitiveness. The last is the hierarchal organization culture. In this culture, the organization emphasizes on establishing control on the internal and external parts of the organization. The main dimensions of organization culture are efficiency, coordination and close adherence to the culture of the organization. These different characteristics of the organization form the innovation capabilities of the organization. Flexibility-oriented cultures have a positive impact on the probability of innovation within the organization. Flexibility, organic organization structure and informal communication can develop excellent organization culture within the organization. It can be stated that autonomy and freedom in organizational operations encourage innovation within the orga nization (Carayannis, Varblane Roolaht, 2011). Creativity can be defined as the manner, which can be used to perform work in an efficient and novel manner. The organization operations can be categorized into routine and creative acts, which have vastly different outcomes upon the knowledge process of the organization. These processes significantly impact on the learning outcomes of the organization. There are also certain other factors, such as the presence of the rules and regulations, excessive authority, and poor participation of the employees increases the obstacles in the innovation capabilities of the organization (Shavinina, 2003). There are certain unfavorable conditions, such as bureaucratic control, which challenge the innovation opportunity in the organization. This rule is applied by enforcing rules and processes, hierarchies in authority and standardization mechanism (Shavinina, 2003). These firms try to operate safely rather than exploring new opportunities in internal operations. Conclusion Conclusively, it is stated that the strategic human resource are an important aspect of the organization. It is the process in which the business organizations can strategically link the business goals with the human resource objectives of the organization. In the present competitive era, it is important for the business organizations to perform with high productivity. These human resources are the most critical source of the business organizations. The business enterprises can use the human resource to develop their competitive advantage. The organization culture is also important for retaining the employees within the organization. The organization culture has a progressive relationship with the innovation capabilities of a business organization. It means that a firm can foster innovation and by adopting technological development. There should be some specific internal and external characteristics in the organization culture to promote innovation in the organization References Barrick, M. R., Thurgood, G. R., Smith, T. A., Courtright, S. H. (2015). Collective organizational engagement: Linking motivational antecedents, strategic implementation, and firm performance.Academy of Management journal,58(1), 111-135. Carayannis, E.G., Varblane, U., Roolaht, T. (2011). Innovation Systems in Small Catching-Up Economies: New Perspectives on Practice and Policy. Springer Science Business Media. Hogan, S.J., Coote, L.V. (2014). Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model. Journal of Business Research 67, 1609-1621. Holt, K. (2013). Market Oriented Product Innovation: A Key to Survival in the Third Millennium. Springer Science Business Media. Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., Jiang, K. (2014). An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.The Academy of Management Annals,8(1), 1-56. Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., Jiang, K. (2014). An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.The Academy of Management Annals,8(1), 1-56. Kramar, R. (2014). Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(8), 1069-1089. Kramar, R. (2014). Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(8), 1069-1089. Mello, J.A. (2014). Strategic Human Resource Management. Cengage Learning. Mogelof, J. P., Edmondson, A. C. (2006). Explaining psychological safety in innovation teams: organizational culture, team dynamics, or personality?. InCreativity and innovation in organizational teams(pp. 129-156). Psychology Press. Naranjo Valencia, J. C., Sanz Valle, R., Jimnez Jimnez, D. (2010). Organizational culture as determinant of product innovation.European Journal of Innovation Management,13(4), 466-480. Naranjo-Valencia, J. C., Jimnez-Jimnez, D., Sanz-Valle, R. (2011). Innovation or imitation? The role of organizational culture.Management Decision,49(1), 55-72. Sarros, J. C., Cooper, B. K., Santora, J. C. (2008). Building a climate for innovation through transformational leadership and organizational culture.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,15(2), 145-158. Shavinina, L.V. (2003). The International Handbook on Innovation. Elsevier. Subramanian, R., Rahe, M., Nagadevara, V., Jayachandran, C. (2016). Rethinking Innovation: Global Perspectives. Routledge. Swart, J., Hansen, N. K., Kinnie, N. (2015). Strategic Human Resource Management and performance management in professional service firms. InThe Oxford handbook of professional service firms. Varbanova, L. (2013). Strategic Management in the Arts. Routledge.

School is a preparation for life Essay Example

School is a preparation for life Paper The facts I used were biased against Ray, because I want society to stamp down on men like that. I think that my newspaper was quite successful in attracting readers. I did put pictures in colour that were eye-catching and I used some factual information and statistics that I think, may have surprised and attracted some readers. I really wanted to include alliteration in my title but I just couldnt think of one. I think that the quality and attention in put into my writing was minimal because of the time-pressure and because of the fact that are other courseworks from other subjects to complete.I have no computer at home and had to use the computer at school, which proved to be a great disadvantage, because it reduced the time that I spent on the computer and thus reduced time spent on this coursework and other courseworks from other subjects. Unexpectedly, I did enjoy making an article, despite all the hard work and research that I had to put in. At first, I was reluctant, to complete this coursework, finally I gave in to this reluctantly and started doing it. I never thought I could write a 500 word article, amazingly when I put my mind to it, I found that my writing had by far exceeded my expectations.The experience I have gained from this article has led me to believe not to become a reporter, and has actually allowed my to fully appreciate the amount of work a reporter has to do, in eve n more time pressure than me. I then realised that some good has come out of the early deadlines that teachers set us, since this will help us cope in real life, School is a preparation for life. Since I myself included many presentational devices in my article, I can fully understand the mechanics behind the presentational devices that professional writers use in newspapers.I also know what the particular presentational devices are implying to do to the reader. I have learnt a great deal from this piece of coursework from the differences between a tabloid and a broadsheet. Broadsheets will try to make things serious and states facts and statistics. Tabloids usually provide information for entertainment purposes and always try to look at the funny side of things. Tabloids are condensed and smaller than broadsheets so that it is more user friendly and portable. We will write a custom essay sample on School is a preparation for life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on School is a preparation for life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on School is a preparation for life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Qualitative Analysis essays

Qualitative Analysis essays Qualitative analysis is used in the determination of the identity of a substance. It is different from quantitative analysis, which deals with the determination of the amount of a substance. In this experiment, qualitative analysis techniques are used to determine whether or not a sample contains a certain ion. When using this method, an unknown and a reactant are mixed. The result of the reaction leads to a conclusion about the presence or absence of certain ions in the unknown. Many ions react in similar ways, and although the addition of one reagent to an unknown may not identify the ion, it limits the possibilities as to what the ion could be. A sequence of reactions used to analyze a sample is called a scheme, and it usually requires a large number of reagents and separation steps. For this experiment, the unknown may contain anywhere from 2 to all of the following cations and anions: The following reagents are used to identify the ions: .1M Ba(NO3)2 (labeled as .1M Ba2+) The first four are used to identify the cations, and the last two, used in conjunction with the first four, are used to identify the anions. The identification of the ions is mainly based on solubilities. This means that something must be known about the solubility characteristics of the different ions in the presence of the available reagents. The point of the first part of the experiment is to learn which reagents cause the ions to form precipitates, and which reagents dissolve the precipitates formed by the ions. This information is used to make the flow charts for the identification on the unknown ions. For example, it is important to know that a certain reagent will dissolve the precipitate formed by one ion, while it will not dissolve the precipitate formed by another ion. This can be used to distinguish between two different precipitates present in a solution, or to confirm which ion formed the precipitate and therefore was pr...

Music and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Music and Culture - Essay Example The punk genre was at loggerheads with the old mainstream society and heavily criticised the contemporary political, social and economic circumstances of the UK. However, this criticism did not offer any alternatives to the existing conditions. The punk genre influence the culture of UK, that became more loose, in terms of its dependence on old societal values. People became more open, adaptive and accommodative of the 'youth culture'! The music press is a branch of entertainment journalism, wherein professionals analyse and criticise the varied genres of music, various bands, singers, musical entourages and the like. The music press consists of well-informed specialist media personnel, who report on the current music culture and offer information to the audiences. The music press of UK is no exception to this and functions in the same fields. The music media personnel of the UK garner information about the music industry of UK, the bands, genres, singers, musicians, lyricists, etc. and offer valuable guidance, suggestions, and criticisms.

Finicial Evaluation of Techologies Speech or Presentation

Finicial Evaluation of Techologies - Speech or Presentation Example 3. Calculate the Present Worth (that is, the Net Present Value [NPV] of total costs) for each of the technologies for the real discount rates and periods of assessment as specified in the following tables (please present results in this format): 4. Using your answers to question 3, what are the lifecycle costs of both technologies over one lifecycle of technology A at (a) a 5% real discount rate; and (b) a 20% real discount rate. Which technology is preferred on this lifecycle cost basis in each case (a) Calculate the average unit cost of the power in present value terms (in cents/kWh) supplied by each technology over a period of 20 years at a discount rate of 5%. Hint: use the answers from question 3 again to find the NPV of total costs for each technology over 20 years and then divide this amount by the total electricity supplied over this period. 5. Discuss briefly some of points emerging from this analysis of relevance to the financial comparison of sustainable energy supply options (in particular renewable) and current fossil-fuel technologies. New technologies are being developed to replace use of fossil fuels used for power generation. Studies about renewable energies are being done by the authorities if its cost will compensate its use against cost of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels like coal and gas are the most commonly used around the world for power generation. 1. In terms of technology, the average cost per kWh is much higher in Technology B which is 1.41 than 1.10 of A which means fossil energy will be more costly to produce and will be a higher price to consumer to borne. 2. Technology B gives a higher NPV than Technology A for the same 20 year period. A high positive value is an acceptable project proposition, and between two proposals, one having a higher value is

Changes in the Seasonal Influenza a (H3N2) Viruses NS Gene

Changes in the Seasonal Influenza a (H3N2) Viruses NS Gene Analysis of Amino Acid Sequence and Identifying of Changes in the Influenza  A/(H3N2) virus NS Gene in Isolates from Iran Lawal D. Rogo,  Farhad Rezaei,  Nazanin Z. Shafiei Jandaghi,  Nastaran Ghavami,  Ghazal-Sadat Fateminasab,  Talat Mokhtari-Azad Subject: Medical Sciences Keywords: Influenza A (H3N2) virus, Iran, Mutation, NS1 gene. Abstract The main functions of NS protein of influenza A virus is suppressing of type I IFN production by the host. Insight on the level of changes in the seasonal influenza A (H3N2) viruses NS gene in Iran is little. We sequence and analyzed amino acid of NS gene of 32 influenza A (H3N2) virus isolates for the purpose of getting detailed information about the genetic changes in this gene. Amino acid sequence revealed 5 different changes in NS1protein. Three of which are fixed amino acid changes E26K, D209N and K229E while 10 (31.3%) T58P and 5 (15.6%) A86S amino acid changes were also observed. There was no change observed in nuclear export protein (NEP). The study provides an insight on mutations in NS gene occurring in this viral gene in the country that has not been reported elsewhere. Keywords: Influenza A (H3N2) virus, Iran, Mutation, NS1 gene. Introduction: Influenza viruses have been widely studied due to their pandemic capability. This capabilities have resulted in more mortality and severe disease in the general population, the most notable being the Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918 and 19191. Mechanism of virulence for these viruses is on their capacity to cause immunopathogenesis. Synthesis of two mRNAs from the eighth vRNA segment of the viral gene was known by Influenza A virus. The early encodes NS1 protein, and the later is produced by splicing of NS1 mRNA that is translated into a protein which localizes in the cell nucleus that was formally named NS2 but were now renamed the nuclear export protein (NEP) 2,3. NS1 protein is translated from the mRNA directly and consists of 124–237 amino acids (aa), depending on the virus strain 4- 6. The currently circulating Influenza A/H3N2 virus in Iranian population from this research is 230 aa-long. NS1 protein is made of two important domains: N-terminal RNA-binding domain (1–73) and C-terminal effector domain (73–237) residues 7. Though NS1 protein has different roles, one of its main actions is to alter type I IFN production by the host8, acts after transcription to prevent the 3 ´-end processing of host mRNA involving IFN mRNA by attaching to cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 30 (CPSF30) and poly-A-binding protein nuclear I 9,10 . One hundred and twenty one amino acid-long proteins were translated from mRNA of NS2/NEP11. In the current study it is 120 aa-long. It may promote production of a stable export complex of new viral RNP. In alliance with matrix protein 1(M1), it interacts with cellular export factor (CEF1) and modulates nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes by connecting cellular export machinery with vRNPs 14. NS gene implication in virulence and replication of the virus is well-documented. It has been shown that both NS1 F103L and M106I were adaptive changes that promoted replicative capacities in cells of different species and also virulence in the mouse lung15. NS1 is one of multifunctional protein determinant of virulence with several functions in different ways to counteract the cellular innate immune response 14. It has been reported that H5N1 virus was able to interfere with IFN-ÃŽ ² activation due to properties of its NS1 gene, inhabiting F103L and M106I changes and also nature of its NP and PA genes15. Avian influenza viruses sequence analysis shows that NS1 protein C-terminal four residues is a probable PDZ domain ligand (PL) of the X-S/T-X-V type 16. Protein–protein recognition modulation that organizes diverse cell signaling assemblies was shown to be function PDZ domains. It was known to plays important roles in the cell recognition process. Ninety percent of the human influenza viruses with RSKV or RSEV in NS1 protein were shown to have a C-terminal four-residue PL sequence. High mortality outbreaks of the recent time known to be of avian origin and therefore contain avian-like NS1 C-terminal PL residues of ESEV or EPEV which are incriminated to about 7% of Homo sapiens viruses consist of H5N1 isolates. It was reported that avian viruses NS1 proteins bind to ≈30 known human PDZ domain-containing proteins, and NS1 proteins for human attaching to PDZ domain-containing proteins was not noticed 14. It has been reported that C terminus of the NS1 substitution with KSEV from the 1918 H1N1 virus increased pathogenicity as observed by morphological changes of lung sections, though the virus was shown to causes less weight loss in mice in contrast with viruses harboring the H5N1 HPAI14. Previous studies have identified a change in NS1 gene (S42P, D92E and V149A) with regard to the involvement of NS1 protein in virulence that increased viral pathogenicity17-19. NS gene extent of variation in the influenza A (H3N2) viruses in Iran in recent years has not been described. Presently analysis of NS gene of 32 isolates where carried out from Iranian population in order to secure more detailed information about its phylogeny and genetic changes, and compare the changes found in these strains, the vaccine strain and other isolates from countries in northern hemisphere. The aim of the study is sequence analysis of amino acid and identification of changes in the NS gene of influenza A (H3N2) virus isolated in Iran that may affect the functions of this protein in pathogenesis. Methods: Two hundred and fourteen specimens of patients with respiratory illness were obtained from the National Influenza Centre at School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. It was cultured in MDCK cell line following WHO guide line for influenza A virus isolation. RNA extraction was carried out with High Pure Viral Nucleic acid extraction kit (Roche Diagnostic, Germany) according to manufacturer’s protocol. Real-Time RT-PCR was carried out for the detection of Influenza viruses. Ninety specimens were positive for influenza A/H3N2 virus. NS gene was amplified using one-step RT-PCR kit (Qiagen) and specific primers (NSH3N2-F:5 ´-AGCAAAAGCAGGGTGACAAAGA-3 ´ and NSH3N2-R:5 ´-GAGAAAGTTCTTATCTCCTGTTCCA-3 ´). The condition for the RT-PCR was as follows: Reverse transcription at 50 °C for 40 minutes, initial PCR activation at 95 °C for 10 minutes, Denaturation at 95 °C for 30 second, Annealing at 57 °C for 30 second, Extension at 72 °C for 1 minutes (for 40 cycles) and a final extension at 75 °C for 10 minutes. The PCR products were purified using Qiaquick gel purification kit (Qiagen) according to manufacturer’s instruction. Samples were sequenced using specific primers and Big Dye terminator v3.1 cycle sequencing kit with the genetic analyzer ABI 3130 in the National Influenza Laboratory. Sequence alignment was done using BIOEDIT and ClustalW program20. Sequence alignment revealed similarities amongst the isolates. NS gene sequences of 32 influenza A/H3N2 virus strains isolated in this study out of 90 sequenced were selected base on the site of sample collection, compared and analyzed with the vaccine strain and the sequences obtainable from other countries in the northern hemisphere already deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic tree construction were performed using MEGA Software version 5.05 21. Result Isolates represent samples collected from June 2013 to March 2014. In the current study 230 aa were found in NS1 while the NS2/NEP had 120 amino acids. Analysis depicted relationship phylogenetically that shows there are exact clusters of the virus suggestive of co-circulation of multiple sub-lineages (Figure 1). In respect to genetic variation, H3 numbering system of amino acid was used in naming the detected amino acid changes 13, 14. Substitutions were found in 26, 58, 86, 209 and 229 aa positions in NS1 protein, respectively (Table 1). There was no amino substitution in regard to NS2/NEP found. NS1 proteins have fixed amino acid substitution at positions 26, 209 and 229 in the current study. At position 26, it occurs as a result of substitution at the 76-78 Codon from GAA to AAA causing a glutamate to lysine substitution. In position 209, substitution occurs at 625-627 Codon from GAT to AAT causing an aspartate to asparagine substitution. While in position 229, substitution occurs at 685 – 687 Codon from AAA to GAA causing a lysine to glutamate substitution. Another 10 (30.3%) NS1 proteins substitution occurs at (58 amino acid position) 172-174 Codon from ACC to CCC causing a threonine to proline substitution. Also 5 (15.2%) of the NS1 proteins substitution occurs at (amino acid po sition 86) 256-258 Codon from GCT to TCT causing an alanine to serine substitution. Figure 1 Relationship of the NS nucleotide coding region phylogenetically of influenza viruses used in this study. Neighbor-joining analysis with Tamura-Neibour model, using MEGA 5.05 was used to generate the tree. Circular black dot represent studied samples and triangular black dot represent vaccine strain. Table 1: Amino acid changes of NS1 protein of influenza A/H3N2 virus strains from Iranian Population compared with vaccine strain and other countries in northern hemisphere. Virus isolates Amino acid at indicated position in NS1 protein 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 5 8 8 8 1 2 3 3 4 6 0 0 2 6 8 0 5 6 1 9 5 9 0 4 4 9 9 NS2/NEP analysis does not reveal any amino acid change in the present study (Table 2). Nucleotide sequence data obtained has been deposited to GenBank database and can be retrieved under accession numbers KP162026- KP162056 and KP209320. Table 2: Amino acid changes of NS2/NEP protein of influenza A/H3N2 virus strains from Iranian Population compared with vaccine strain and other countries in northern hemisphere. Virus isolates Amino acid at indicated position in NS2 protein 47 88 A/Texas/50/2012 E R A/Tehran/77254/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Eslamshahr/73061/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Eslamshahr/73060/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran/74551/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran /44573/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran/69904/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Sanandaj/65990/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Ilam/55882/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran/77150/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran /78183/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran/60708/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran/57157/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran/69969/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran/69640/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Varamin/78055/2014 †¢ †¢

Doubting Religion in Wallace Stevens Sunday Morning Essay -- Poem Poe

Doubting Religion in Wallace Stevens' Sunday Morning Voice is an integral part of Wallace Stevens' "Sunday Morning." The voice of the poem is not the woman's, but that of an outside narrator who seems to give words to the feelings that the woman experiences. The dramatic situation is created during the first stanza. The woman, still in her peignoir, is taking "late coffee and oranges in a sunny chair" on a bright Sunday morning instead of attending church. The quiet of the scene is evident, and the "holy hush" provides the woman with the perfect environment for introspection. The poetic problem arises when the woman, in her liminal state of mind, is troubled with conflicting emotions about life, death, and Christianity. The first thought that encroaches upon the woman's daydreams and darkens the atmosphere is that of a solemn "procession of the dead" to Palestine. Her interaction with the procession is interesting because it symbolizes the journey she is making in her mind and sets the tone for later religious questioning in the poem. The second stanza begins with a series of rhetorical questions that express the woman's inner struggle. The second question is her response to the dark encroachment of the procession, and the third question answers the previous two. The randomness of this questioning illustrates the disorganized nature of her thinking, and an answer finally surfaces when she decides that "divinity must live within herself." A list of positive and negative emotions that she has experienced as a result of nature provides further explanation of the divinity she hopes she possesses within. The realization that these emotions "are the measures destined for her soul" ends the stanza with a feeling of hopefulness. Reli... ...ained in the seventh when Stevens depicts pre-Christian ideals such as the ancient worship of the sun as a god. Here, the blood of the turbulent, chanting men leaves them and returns to the sky in a process similar to the commingling human blood with the blood of heaven in the third stanza A few other philosophical observations result from this stanza, including the suggestion that Gods are humanly created and the idea that men are a part of nature. The last stanza of "Sunday Morning" reiterates the feeling of solitude that the woman experiences in the first stanza, but the tone has changed. The image of silent water again dominates the scene, and her religious questioning continues. She is still suspended in a disorganized state of mind, but there is a feeling of acceptance of the ambiguity of life that is not replaced with the peace of mind and hopes of happiness.

Effectiveness of Monetory Policy

Various studies have reflected the existence of a positive relationship between the increase of money supply and the level of inflation. Generally, this is reflected by the continued rise of prices of the various products. A situation ensues where excess amounts of money tend to be chasing too few goods. In this perspective, this study tested on whether monetary policy is an effective tool in the combating of inflation and ensuring price stability. The first and foremost objective of the central bank is to formulation and implementation of the monetary policy for maintaining the values of local currency.Otherwise the living standard of the general people may go down. This study finds out the money supply has a direct impact on the level of inflation. Statistically, money supply has a statistical significance on the level of inflation in the country. Thus, monetary policies aimed at controlling the amount of money supply in the economy, have a tremendous impact on controlling the leve l of inflation 2. Objectives of the Study The objectives of the study revolved around exploring the significance and the suitability of the monetary policy in realizing macroeconomic goals.Some of these macroeconomic objectives included price stability, economic growth, full employment, and a favorable balance of payment. 3. Specific Objective Find out the effectiveness of monetary policy in ensuring price Stability & preserving the value of local currency by combating of inflation. 4. Introduction Since time immemorial, inflation has always been an issue of extreme sensitivity. This accrues to the fact that a case of inflation has overall effect on the prices of commodities. An instance of spiraling, uncontrollable inflation is usually a sign of impending catastrophic doom.Thus, the control of monetary policy has turned out to be an essential function of all governments in the world. Inflation does not necessarily have to be reflected a continued increase in the prices of commoditi es (hyperinflation), the vice versa can also be a reflection of inflation (deflation). However, both situations are more than unhealthy for the economy. In most economic situations, the major reasons for the inception of inflation are a culmination of excessive demand for products. The necessary economic policy would thus be entrenched on looking at the causes of an unnecessary rise.This way, they can thus be able to come up with the right measures that can aid in controlling the existing verbal demand in an economy. To this end, various researchers have established the ability of monetary policy as a tool for controlling inflation. All over the world, in diverse economies, monetary policy has been seen as an approach to effectively control inflation. This is reflected by the ability of monetary policy in controlling the rise in demand by an increase in the available rates of interest.In addition, monetary policy reduces the existing real money in the economy. A rise in the interest manages to bring an overall reduction in collective demand in an economy. To this end, this Essay aims at looking at how effective monetary policy as a tool for ensuring price stability. 5. Background Analysis Monetary policy is defined as a public interventionist action that aims at manipulating the level and array of economic activity so as to accomplish specific, desired goals.Specifically, monetary policies are aimed to work fewer than two economic variables that affect the level of inflation in an economy. The two aggregate variables are supply of money in circulation and the respective interest rate in an economy. Monetary policy is among the few tools that a national government can utilize to control the economy using the given monetary authority in the control of the supply and availability of money. Controlling the availability, leading to a control of access, ultimately influences the demand of products.The law of demand ultimately reflects that an increase in demand for products of products leads to an increase in prices. Demand is in turn influenced by the availability of money in the economy. Thus, direct or indirect control of money leads to an ultimate control of inflation. In most instances, governments try to influence an overall level of economic activities to be in line with individual objectives. Some of these objectives include socio cultural, political, economic, and technological objectives.Generally, the main aim of governments is the existence of a macroeconomic stability. Usually, macroeconomic stability encompasses stable prices, economic growth, full employment, balance of external payment, and development in a country. Generally, it is the Job of the central bank of any nation to come up with, and implement, monetary policies that aim at achieving stability in the expected price level of products in a country. However, the major aim is to attain stability in prices so as to be able to sustain the existing value of the currency in a particular country.All economies of the world endeavored to create a central bank as a means of safeguarding the value of individual currency. In the case of integrated economies, there exist geographical banks and one major bank for the respective organization. For example, various American states have federal banks to check on their currency. In addition, an overall control is exhibited by the Central Bank of America. In addition, monetary policy is a major tool exploited in a battle of preserving a runners in an economy. 6.Literature Review Theory has proposed several ways in which inflation can be combated; this essay is concerned with the literature that led to the use of such instruments and policies. To enable us understand the prepositions made the study analyzed several theories: 7. The Classical Quantity Theory of Money This theory was developed by Irving Fisher. Fisher took the view that money was only used as a medium of exchange to settle transaction involving the dem and and supply for goods and services. The quantity theory of money can be developed to a theory of price levels.Since NV=APT Where V – Velocity of circulation M -Money supply p _ price T -Quantity of transactions Assuming that V and T are roughly constant, P will vary directly with increase or decrease in the amount of M and it changes in money supply (M) that causes the prices (P) to change, not changes in price that cause the changes in supply is assumed to be constant as the economy in question is assumed to be operating at full employment. If the velocity of circulation is more or less constant than any growth in money supply (M) over and above the potential of the economy to increase, T will cause inflation.This is then consistent with the monetary policy to curb inflation by controlling the money supply in the economy as it leads to inflation. A further notable feature in this theory is that the government monetary policy should allow some growth in money supply if the economy is growing but not let the growth in money supply to get out of hand as if output in the economy (T) is growing and the velocity of circulation (V) is constant then a matching growth in the money supply of money is needed to avoid deflation. . The Monetarist Policy Theory Monetarists argue that since money is a direct substitute for all other assets, an increase in the supply of money supply, given a fairly stable velocity of circulation, will have a direct effect on the demand for other assets since there will be more money to spend on those assets. If the total output of the economy is fixed, then an increase in the money supply will lead directly to higher prices.Monetarists therefore reach the same conclusion as the old quantity theory of money that a rise in money supply will lead directly to a rise in prices and probably also too rise in money incomes, an increase in real output and so an increase in employment. In the long run however, they argue that all increases i n the money supply will be reflected in higher prices unless there is a long term growth in the economy. Monetarist school of economic thought contended that money supply is a key determinant of the level of production the short run and the rate of inflation in the long run.In order to minimize uncertainty monetarist advocated for the maintenance of a constant rate of growth of money supply. Developing countries have depended on monetary policy in order to achieve price stability, economic growth and development, positive balance of payments and full employment. To contain any reduction in GAP the Central Bank adopted a selective credit control and special attention was given to the interests of marginal traders and productive agents in Agriculture. 9. Tools of Monetary Policy : There are three tools of monetary policy for which the value of money changes.For ensuring price stability monetary policy has to focus on these three tools. Monetary Policy of Bangladesh Bank The aim is to achieve the twin goals of containing inflation and promoting sustained and stable economic growth; provide policy advice to the Government on deficit managing and public debt management; manage the balance of payments and foreign exchange reserves; provide payment services and ensure the stability of the financial system; conduct treasury and government securities related operations; and efficiently perform other international financial activities.Financial Sector Developments Critical activities cover the development of the financial systems; provide effective prudential supervision; ensure information access, market intelligence, and contingency planning to avoid systematic risks; assist banking and financial entities o become efficient and competitive; discover new modalities for delivering agricultural and industrial term credit; enhance the access of small and medium enterprises to investment funds; further develop the market in public and private debt and risk capital; and pro mote measures for inclusion of people hitherto bypassed in formal financial systems.In addition, the Bangladesh Bank will continuously adopt necessary measures for taking a proactive stance in decision making; compiling relevant statistics and conducting high quality and timely economic research to review the country financial and economic conditions to purport decision making; ensuring efficient and professional management of Bib's human and financial resources; and establishing Bib's distinct identity based on its values and strategic roles.In order to uphold the mission, Bangladesh Banks aim would be to provide the required leadership by discharging its duties in a manner that shows a clear vision, is watchful, far-sighted, intelligent and responsive based on an effective and efficient communication strategy. At all times, Bib's aim would be to remain committed, efficient, capable, logistically supported, speedy, focused, and aggressive where necessary in order to ensure that the Bangladesh Bank always remains a credible and prestigious institution with an efficient organizational structure committed to achieving its goals. 9. Interest rate policy This arises where the central bank increases the rate of interest rates for borrowing funds. This instrument is most applicable in cases where banks turn to the central banks as an avenue of securing funds. The rates that can be increased include the overnight borrowing rate. This tends to discourage borrowing which then end up reducing the rate of inflation in an economy. So interest rate is a crucial important to sustain the price stability. Comparison of Interest Rate in Bangladesh Source: 1 . Statistics Department, Bangladesh Bank for Scheduled Banks Weighted Average Interest Rate. . Debt Management Department, Bangladesh Bank for Weighted Average Call Money Market Rates. 9. 2 Inflation Targeting This is an economic monetary inflation policy aimed at achieving a specific level of inflation in the country. This involves the setting of a certain level of inflation by the central bank, and then working towards achieving the given level of inflation. This is usually done through the utilization of interest rate changes and other monetary tools. Despite the embracing of the above monetary policies, many countries still find themselves being faced by extreme inflation rates.The rates end up eroding the value of the specific currency. A devaluation of currency ends up creating an unfavorable balance of payment and hence accumulation of debts and deficit budgets. In this perspective, third world countries continue to remain poor despite their rigorous endeavors aimed at escaping the unfavorable economic situation. In mimes of political tumult, monetary policy also tends to be ineffective in cases of political turmoil. The matter is further aggravated when political instability combines with economic shocks.This leads to a culmination of extreme inflation being witnessed in a country. An epitome of this was witnessed in Bangladesh during the period of Care taker Government of 2007-2008. The prices of basic commodities soared to the extent that they were virtually impossible to the average man. In addition, the monetary policies set out to correct out the situation ended up being ineffective in the control of the ensuing inflation. Economic shocks such as depressions, recessions, and booms also render monetary policies ineffective. This was witnessed during the 2008/09 economic recession all over the world.During the recession, major world economies faced harsh circumstances despite having well formulated monetary policies in place. The available strategies failed to stir the economy back to stability. 9. 3 Foreign Exchange Valuation Figure of Inflation Rate in Bangladesh A method for providing an interface for Foreign Exchange trading centered on a Foreign Exchange rate and this rate is an important factor of value changing of money. So the foreign exchange rate is an impor tant factor for monetary policy. Comparative Figure of exchange Rate in Bangladesh 10.Monetary Policy Instruments: There exist a variety of monetary policy instruments through which the central bank controls/ maintains general price level. Some of these tools include the following: 10. 1 Open Market Operations: Open market operations refer to the sale or purchase of securities. The transactions usually take place in the open market of the central bank. This instrument usually targets the available cash balances of commercial banks and other non bank institutions. The available balances are checked in relation to excess reserves available at the central bank.The major aim of this tool is the attainment of a predetermined level of reserve money. A situation of influenced commercial bank lending ensues hence an overall control of money supply in the economy. 10. Ii. Setting the bank rate: Central bank sets a bank rate for its borrowers. To maintain the general price level, central bank changes the rate time to time. If it wants to take the additional money from the market, it rises the interest rate on the other hand if there is shortage of money in the market it reduces the rate to make balance and control the price level. 0. Iii. Adjusting Reserve Ratio Reserve Ratio is also known as liquidity asset ratio is defined as the proportion of total assets being held by a bank. Every commercial bank has to maintain a reserve of liquid money to the central bank which is called SSL (Statutory Liquidity Ratio). This is usually in the form of liquid assets and cash. This instrument is effective since it manages to indiscriminately affect all banks. Also, the method tends to be directly established and the effects of its implementation are felt soon after its inception.The intended purpose of the tool is usually to create a situation where a banks free cash base is reduced. This reduces a banks ability to give out loans and advances and creates an overall reduction of avai lability of money. The reduction of excess money supply ends up curbing prices and inflation. 10. Lb. Moral Suasion It is one of the qualitative instruments of controlling general price level through persuasion at a moral sight not to disburse more loans to the particular bank. Persuasion not to give out loan to the any particular sector to control money supply . 10. V. Certain Margin RequirementsEvery importer has to keep a certain margin at the time of opening any LLC to the commercial banks to import goods from foreign countries. This marginal money becomes locked up to the bank until the goods are imported and the transaction is settled. This margin level is determined by the central bank and trough setting up new margin requirements central bank can maintain the general price level. 10. V'. Selective Credit Control These instruments prevail on the quantitative measure of credit control that strives at encouraging selective essential sectors of the economy while at the same time discouraging others.In one such instance, the Central Bank of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Bank can ensue to restrict government borrowing up to a given extent. Normally, the given legal limit is 5 percent of the most recent audited government ordinary revenues. Usually, this aims at reducing a case of excess government expenditure. A case of excess government spending leads to a situation of inflationary crisis. 1 1 . Failure of Monetary Policy in Developing Countries Despite the widespread success of monetary policies, there exists a tendency of failure of the policy in developing economies.The failure can be attributed to a yard of reasons. Some of the reasons include the following: I) In developing economies, markets and financial institutions tend to be highly disorganized. The lack of well developed capital and money markets and a limited quantity and range of financial assets creates and atmosphere that leads to the failure of monetary policy. It) In some instances, monetary polic ies end up being misused by the authorities. This leads to a situation where the monetary policies fail to address the situation at hand. Ii) In third world countries, commercial banks tend to have excess funds due to lack of viable projects and borrowers. This reduces the sensitivity of their cash base. In this case, the effectiveness of open market operations ends up being severely limited. Iv) The existence of high levels of corruption ends up rendering some instruments like selective credit control to be ineffective. V) Illiteracy in the developing countries ensures that individuals have little or no knowledge on the working of monetary policy. This reduces the effectiveness of monetary policy. Ii) Most individuals in developing countries prefer personal storage of money as opposed to bank deposits. This ends up reducing the effectiveness of Central Bank's endeavors 12. Conclusion To establish the effectiveness of monetary policy as a tool for combating inflation, The variables investigated were the level of inflation, commercial banks interest rates, money supply and the foreign exchange rate (measurable in dollars) and money supply was found out to be most significant factor affecting the rate of inflation.When money supply increases by one hundred billion the rate of inflation increases by 5. 478 . This being so, then it means that any increase in money supply should be managed to a level that allows the economy to grow and also high enough to avoid fellatio (a situation where the prices are falling) This is due to the fact that, if money supply is zero and the other factors are also zero, there will be a deflation of 18. 042. This means that the economy is not growing hence adversely affects the other objectives of macroeconomics.Also, it is evident that there exist a positive relationship between increase in foreign exchange rate and the rate of inflation; when the currency depreciates at a rate of one, inflation increases at a rate of 0. 233. Therefo re efforts should be made to avoid any rise in foreign exchange or any appreciation in the domestic currency. Also, this research showed that there exist a negative relationship between the rate of inflation and the commercial banks interest rates.When the commercial banks interest rates increase by one percent, the rate of inflation reduces by 0. 84. Thus, increase in interest rates is one way of controlling the rate of inflation. However, the rates of interest should be managed at a level that does not hurt investments as high interest rates hinders investments and this leads to poor economic growth hence it adversely affects the other macroeconomic objectives. Apart from the macroeconomic variables discussed above it is also evident other factors influence the rate of inflation.Some of these factors include political instability, tribal clashes, international financial crisis (recession and depression ) amongst others. Inflation targeting (where the monetary authorities set a cer tain target and manages the macroeconomic variables towards achieving that inflation rate) as policy should also be used as this has shown positive results in some parts of the world such as South Africa. Thus, monetary policy, as a tool for controlling inflation, is effective